1. DWG – This format is almost universally accepted by most model viewing/authoring programs. Also commonly referred to as CAD files, this might be the most ubiquitous digital file format in the AEC industry (and beyond). Anytime someone mentions “layers,” they are likely referring to a DWG file. Generally, these files are editable in any CAD-based program such as Autodesk AutoCAD, Graphisoft ArchiCAD, and Bentley MicroStation.
A common misconception with DWG files is that they only contain 2D information. Although that is typically true, DWG files can absolutely contain 3D objects as either basic planes or full components (known as “blocks”).
2. DXF – A very close cousin to the DWG, DXFs can be a little larger in file size but are also layer-based and a very commonly accepted format in most platforms.
3. IFC – These are arguably the most information-rich BIM files out there and can be opened by a number or programs including Autodesk Revit and Navisworks. These are similar to PDFs in that they are not meant to be edited and are a read-only format.
4. RVT – This is Autodesk’s proprietary format for Revit files. These can vary significantly in size depending on the level of development. They can only be opened in Revit.
5. NWD – This is Autodesk’s proprietary format for Navisworks files. NWD files are also read-only, although you may be able to save them under a new name and edit from there if the file was saved with that option enabled. These can only be open in Navisworks Freedom or Navisworks Manage.
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